DC 709 ^ 

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Copy 1 ^* 



GUIDE 



TO THE 












OF 



PARIS BY NIGHT. 



PRICE 25 CENTS. 



Knton'd aceordin;? to act of CDnj-Tess in the year 13T4, by 0. Uichakdsos & Co., in the 
office uftlie Libi-arian of Congress at Washington. 



SMITH & SON, PRINTERS, 15 SPRUCE ST., NEW YORK. 



THE COLOSSEUM 



ATTEACTIONS, 



CONTAINING HISTOKICAL KEMINISCENCES OP THE LONDON COLOS- 
SEUM, THE ORIGIN AND OBJECT OF THE NEW YORK 
COLOSSEUM, AND A DESCRIPTION OF AND 
KEY TO THE GREAT CYCLORAMA 



1= A Hi I S B*Y IV I GJ- K T . 



C 



y 



Edited by W. M. LENDRUM. 




NEW YOEK: 
PUBLISHED BY C. RICHARDSON & CO. 

1874. 



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HISTORICAL REMINISCENCES 



THE LONDON COLOSSEUM. 

The first conception and execution of so vast a scheme as was 
involved in placing an a,rea of 500 square miles of the greatest city 
in the world, and its suburbs, upon an acre of canvas in the form of 
a cycloramic painting, was too wonderful for us to pass it by with- 
out notice, especially if we consider that when New York did not 
extend above Bleecker streot ; when there was scarcely a railroad 
in the United States ; when even the wildest schemer had not 
di'eamed of the California gold mines ; when there was not a steam- 
ship crossing the Atlantic ; when the man who should have stated 
that it was possible to tunnel under the Hoosac mountains, or to 
cross the Sierra Nevadas by ineans of a steam-carriage, would 
have been forthwith remitted to the Bloomingdale asylum of the 
period ; before young America had taken to chewing tobacco and 
smoking cigai's, diinking whisky, or loafing in billiard saloons at 
the age of fourteen ; when school girls wore short frocks and frilled 
trousers, and were not au courant with thts latest novel, or adepts 
in flirtation ; long before Morse had utilized electricity, or Bamum 
had introduced to the gaze of an admiring piiblic the Woolly Horse 
and Joyce Heth ; before " Old Hickory," had occupied the Presi- 
dential chair for more than a year, or had put his foot on Nick 
Biddle and the United States Bankj nearly half a century ago, the 
great painting of "London By Day," was an accomplished 
fact. True, it has been retouched to efface the ravages of 
time, but still it remains, the same painting that for nearly forty 
years was one of the most attractive sights of London. 

Strange to say, it was no great artist who, desirous of adding to 



4 HISTOKICAL REMINISCENCES OF THE LONDON COLOSSEUM. 

his fame by one gigantic work, conceived the idea of putting on can- 
vas the largest painting the world had ever seen, but a land siu'veyor 
in the quiet little cathedral city of York. Mr. Homer, the origi- 
nator of this painting, qualified himself for his great work by 
making surveys of landed estates in a pictorial bird's-eye-view style, 
which he called pictorial surveying. But some one having suggested 
a similar view of London on a large scale, in the year 1821 Mr. 
Hornor came to that city with a view to carrying his idea into effect. 
Such a bird's-eye-view of this extensive landscape is theoretically 
attainable from the top of the cross on /St. -Paul's Cathedral. We 
say theoretically, for, practically, the prevalence of fog and the vicis- 
situdes of weather in London render a clear, extended view of the 
city and vicinity, an imusual circumstance. Besides, were the skies 
serene and atmosphere favorable, one is obliged to climb 534 steps 
even to the front gallery over the Dome, and 82 additional steps to the 
ball and cross in order to obtain a view such as is presented by this 
picture in all the grandeur and wonder of detail, and under all the 
apphances of bright sunshine and clear atmosphere. The sublim- 
ity and beauty of the boundless ocean and the awful grandeur- of 
mountain scenery have been immortalized in prose and verse from 
Homer to the present day, but no words may picture, no pen 
portray the astounding reality of a great city of millions of human 
souls, with all their accumulated labors and architectural attain- 
ments of hundreds of years literally spread out before you in 
minute detail ; countless churches, bridges, halls, palaces and dwell- 
ings, each rich with the history of the ages and the people who have, 
like us, busied themselves with the bustle and cares, the pursuits, 
occupations, and efforts of a brief life and passed away leaving these 
piles of brick, stone and iron, as the heritage of those who came 
after them. 

Of course the pecuniary outlay necessary was very heavy, and 
had it not been for the assistance of Stephenson, the theatrical 
banker, and one or two others, Mr. Hornor could not even have 
begim his work. Not satisfied with taking his sketches frofa the 



HISTOEICAL EEMINISCENCES OF THE LONDON COLOSSEUM. 5 

top of the cross of St. Paul's, lie had a scaffold of two stories 
erected above it, and in a little sentry box raised by ropes above 
the highest pinnacle, he commenced operations with the help of a 
camera lucida specially adapted to a telescope for him. by Carey. 

In proceeding with the work every assistance was readily afforded 
by the gentlemen connected with the cathedral ; and, through their 
kind attention, all possible precautions were taken for the prevention 
of accidents. But the weather was frequently so boisterous, during 
the stormy summer of 1821, as to frustrate the most judicious con- 
trivances for security ; indeed, scarcely a day passed without de- 
rangement of some part of the scaffolding, or machinery connected 
with it; and so strong became the sense of danger arising from 
these repeated casualties, that, notwithstanding the powerful in- 
ducement of increased remupieration, it was difficult in these 
emergencies to obtain the services of efficient workmen. This will 
not appear surprising when it is known that, during high winds, 
it was impossible for a person to stand on the scaffolding without 
clinging for support to the frame-work ; the creaking and whistling 
of the timbers at such times i;esembled those of a ship laboring in 
a storm, and the situation of the artist was not unlike that of a sailor 
at the mast-head. 

During a squall more than usually severe, a great part of the cir- 
cular frame-work of heavy planks, erected, above the gallery for the 
prevention of accidents, was carried over the housetops to a con- 
siderable distance. At this moment a similar fate had nearly be- 
fallen the adventurous surveyor in his observatory, which was torn 
from, its fastenings, turned partly over the edge of the platform, and 
its various contents thrown into utter confusion. The fury of the 
wind rendered the door impassable and, after a short interval of 
suspense, an outlet was obtained by forcing a passage in the opposite 
side. 

By this misfortune, independently of personal inconvenience, 
considerable delay and expense were occasioned ere the work could 
be resumed, and it became necessary to provide against similar mis- 



S Hir-^TOEICAL EEMINISCENCES OF THE LOXDON COLOSSEUM. 

fortunes by seciu-iiig the observatory to a crossbeam, and constrnct- 
ing a rojDO fence. Thus fortified, Mr. Homor proceeded with his 
work, without any other accidents worth noting, until, in the year 
1823, all the sketches which could be taken from the observatory 
were completed. 

These sketches covered 280 sheets of drawing paper, extending 
over a surface of 1,680 square feet ; a space which will not appear 
surprising when we consider that it included a portion of almost 
every pubKc building and dwelling-house in the metropolis, with all 
the villages, fields, road^, villas, rivers, canals, &c., visible from the 
summit of the cathedral. To insure the most perfect accuracy in 
the details, as well as in the general features, the concluding step ' 
was to collate these sketches with many of the individual objects : 
for, though the linear situation of each was correctly represented 
from the point of view, yet, to preserve with fidelity the aerial per- 
spective, it was necessary to be thoroughly acquainted with all the 
retiring distances ; »and such were the number and bulk of the 
sketches that a carriage had to be expressly constructed for their 
conveyance, and several weeks were' silent in comj^aring the draw- 
ings with the buildings themselves. 

But a small portion of the work, however, was now done. The 
sketches had to be transferred to canvas, and as this was beyond 
Mr. Hornor's powers, he was obliged to find an artist competent to 
fijaish the vv^ork. It was no ordinary energy and perseverance that 
was required to place on over forty thousand square feet, or nearly 
an acre of canvas, and that too in a cylindrical form, such a paint- 
ing of London as would do justice to the ambitious scheme of the 
projector. It must be either the laughing stock of artists, or one 
of the wonders of the world. 

And fortunate was Mr. Hornor in his choice. Mr. E. T. Parris 
proved himself a genius of no common order. YVlthout a similar 
painting in the world to guide him, alone and imaided, the pioneer 
of cycloramic painting, he ' had to discover and put into execution 
the laws of that special perspective required for this intricate work, 



HISTORICAL KEMINISCENCES OF THE LONDOX COLOSSEUM. 7 

as well as to obtain decisive atmospheric effects, and devise 
mechanical means for getting access to its various parts. To 
understand the difficulties in the perspective alone, it must be borne 
in mind that the canvas of the painting is hung in a circle, or rather 
lines the inside of a vast cylinder. Now a straight line on a flat 
surface is of course a straight line, but if the same straight line on a 
sheet of jDaper were pasted horizontally on the inside of a cylinder, 
it would immediately appear to the eye as a curve, and if j^laced 
diagonally in various ways, the apx:)arent curves will vary with every 
position. This fact of perspective had to be kept- in view by Mr. 
Parris when he transferred to canvas Mr. Hornor's sketches, which 
were wholly in straight lines, Our readers will, however, be not a 
little surprised when we tell them that every apparent straight line 
in the painting of "London By Day" is really a different curve, and 
when we gaze upon the thousands of roofs, walls, windows, doors 
and other objects composed of straight lines, each and every one of 
which had to be reduced to its special and proper curve, some idea 
of the wonderful genius displayed by Mr. Parris begins to dawn 
upon us. 

Much more that is interesting might be told of the manipulation 
of this painting, but we have said enough to show how much and in 
what remarkable aspects it differed fi'om the many beautiful pano- 
ramas and theatrical drop-scenes painted on flat surfaces v/ith which 
we are so familiar, and these distinctions and difficulties, so little 
known to the public, are the very points which rendered this Cyclo- 
rama the most wonderful specimen of aerial perspective ever pro- 
duced. 

It was not ail plain sailing, however, in a financial point of view. 
AstheCyclorama approached completion. Mi-. Stephenson, the banker, 
found that he was unable to meet his liabilities, and, in December, 
1828, absconded, being soon after followed by Mr. Hornor. ]\Ir. 
Parris, however, proceeded with his labors for the trustees of Mr. 
Hornor's creditors until the painting was completed. 

On the 12th of January, 1829, the Cyclorama was opened to the 



8 HISTOEICAL EEMINISCENCES OF THE LONDON COLOSSEUM. 

public, in the Colosseum, Regent's Park, which was designed and 
constructed by Mr. Decimus Burton, architect, expressly for it, and 
so great was the desire to see it that more than 10,000 persons 
visited it during the first three days. After some years, however, in 
1835, the property changed hands, when some alterations took place 
which did not elevate its character as a place of amusement, and 
George Augustus Sala, speaking of his visits to the Colosseum, in 
an article in Temple Bar, says, " once I foimd it degraded to a mere 
singing saloon, and shuddered to hear a -vnalgar comic man sing 
'Biddy the Basket-woman,' amid the fumes of tobacco and the 
steam of reeking rum-and-water." This was after 1837, at which 
time John Braham, the celebrated English tenor had the Colosseum, 
of which he did not, however, long retain the management. But in 
1844 it came into the hands of Montague and Turner, who, with the 
assistance of Mr. "William Bradwell, remodelled and renovated the 
entire establishment, adding several attractions, among which, was 
"London By Night." They opened it in 1845 and succeeded in re- 
storing it to a great extent to public favor. In 1848, the Cyclorama 
of '"Paris By Night" was completed, at a time when the French 
revolution turned the eyes of the world to Paris, and was, of course 
an immense success. In 1856 Dr. Eachoffner leased the Colosseum 
and by seven years of the most niggardly management succeeded in 
mnning it to the ground completely. Not one cent would he spend 
in repairs or improvements ; everything was allowed to go to rack 
and ruin ; the statues in the Glyptotheca of sculpture were covered 
with dust ; the S-v^iss cottage began to look so dismal that nobody 
went into it, and the keeper of the refreshment room attached thereto 
was reduced to eating his own stale buns for want of dyspepsia- 
seeking victims. The great paintings had begun to be giimed with 
dust and rotted with damp, and we cannot give a better idea of the 
melancholy state of aifairs than to quote verbatim a description of 
the elevator or ascending chamber, by " Our Eye Witness" in All 
the Year Bound of July 25, 1880. " And because the pictures or 
panoramas already spoken of as representing the leading capitals of 



HISTOEICAL REMINISCENCES OF THE LONDON COLOSSEUM. \) 

Europe shall be (however invested with horror) insufficient to ter- 
rify and dismay some of the bolder and more sanguine p arsons who 
may occasionally visit the Tristisseum (the nickname given hy the 
writer to the Colossemn), there shall be provided, in the centre of 
the building, a certain small and circular chamber, which shall • 
ascend at certain hours to a gallery of a dark and terrible nature, 
commanding a view of said pictures or panoramas. And the same 
ascending chamber shall be provided with a seat, extending roujid its 
circumference, on which the before-mentioned bold and sanguine 
persons shall be seated in a ring, and facing each other, and there 
shall be six small and flickering oil-lamps in the ascending chamber 
which shall emit a great smell and but little light, though enough to 
enable those who are about to ascend to distinguish each others' 
features and to look in each others' faces for comfort, but to find 
none. Moreover, the said ascending chamber shall, at its 
first rising, move, and sway, and quake, in such wise that 
those timid women and infants of tender years, whose presence 
is especially solicited, shall cry aloud with terror, and shall 
clamor to be liberated, but in vain. And it shall happen that this 
heaving, quaking, swaying, and rocking of the ascending chamber 
shall continue thi'ough its ascent, and shall be of such a nature 
that it shall cause many nipping and yearning thi-oes and convulsions 
in the stomachs of those ascending, and shall be productive of sen- 
sations similar to those experienced by persons unaccustomed to the 
sea, who find themselves on shipboard, in rough and turbulent 
waters." "What a contrast to the safe and easy motion and comfortable 
appointments of the Otis elevator of the present day! Yerily the 
firm of Otis Brothers would have had much to answer for if they had ' 
not existed! 

In 1863 Dr. Bachoffner retired, not without having amassed his 
fair share of filthy lucre, for the Colosseum always more than paid 
its actual expenses, and he had reduced his expenses to the lowest 
point by neglecting everything. What did he care if " after him 
the deluge?" For a brief period of nine months it lingered on in a 



10 HISTORICAL REMINISCENCES OF THE LONDOK COLOSSEUM. 

sort of chronic dilapidation, till, at the end of 1863, it was closed 
foraver, or at least, until the sale by auction in August, 1868, of the 
fittings of the building, attracted a small crowd to look for bargains 
and wander among the past glories of the Colosseum. A writer in 
the London Sunday Times of that period, under the signatttre of 
" Rambler," gave an interesting account of his explorations among 
the ruins at the time of the sale, portions of which we reproduce : 
" Let us pass down the long, mysterious damp corridor. Here we 
may see cartoons that were once famous at exhibitions in "West- 
minster Hall, and none of which are improved by having lot 13 or 
14 carelessly scrawled over them in white chalk. Mr. W. E. Frost's 
charming picture of Una alarmed b^^ the Fauns and Satyrs, has be- 
come almost invisible by dust, and damp, and neglect, and looks 
more like a sheet of brown paper than anything else." "The 
Glyptotheca, with its frieze of Elgin marbles, looked very dilapi- 
dated ; the curtains were faded, the statuary was dusty and broken, 
and the whole of the heathen gods and goddesses, together with ' 
Nebuchadnezzar, Sir Robert Peel, Count D'Orsay and other dis- 
tinguished personages, looked grimy and yellow, as though they had 
been, up a great many nights and had had quite enough of it." "I 
see a long bench of somewhat peculiar make beneath the portico ; it 
is lot 115, and on referring to the catalogue, I find it is the favorite 
garden seat of the late Emperor Napoleon at St. Helena, brought 
over by Sir Peregrine Maitland, admiral on the station. A man 
in a paper cap knocks it critically with his rule, and says to a police- 
man standing by, he wouldn't give much for the rickety old thing." 
The great paintings, however, were not sold at that time ; the 
.large painting of London w^as hardly a cabinet pictui'e, and it was 
not every one who had a gallery sufiiciently capacious for its ex- 
hibition, so it remained where it was until it was finally sold in May, 
1872, and the building razed to the ground. 



THE ORIGIN AND OBJECT 



NEW YOEK COLOSSEUM. 

In the spring of 1872, Mr. T. W. Kennard, and several otlier 
capitalists were looking at the old Colosseum building, in London, 
with a view to buying it in order to turn it into a large Hotel on the 
American plan, when the great painting of " London By Day," which 
had not yet found a purchaser, caught Mr. Kennard' s eye. It oc- 
curred to him at once, from his experience in America, where he had 
resided for foiirteen years, filling the position, during that time, of 
Chief Engineer to the Atlantic and Great Western Eailroad, that, 
if a corrugated iron building were put up in New York for the 
purpose of exhibiting the cyclorama of " London By Day," it would 
prove as great an attraction to Americans as it had been for so many 
years to Englishmen. His son, Mr. E. L. Kennard, as soon as it 
was mentioned, entered into the project with heart and soul, and 
in May, 1872, the painting was bought. 

The painting having been bought, the next thing was to get it 
down ; so Mr. Kennard secured the services of Mr. C. E. Brown, 
who had been connected with, the mechanical department of the 
London Colosseum for about twenty years. The great painting, in 
16 sections, was placed upon as many rollers, each two feet in 
diameter, 26 feet in length, and weighing about half a ton. It was 
no joke moving such a mass of canvas ; in fact, it took 22 men to 
lift one section. Thus securely packed away it awaited transporta 
tion in due course to this country, while the paintings of London 
and Paris " by night," which had also been bought by Mr. Kennard, 
were entirely repainted by Messrs. Danson & Sons, who had originally 
painted them, the former from fresh sketches taken from the cross 
of St. Paul's Cathedral. In the meantime Mr. R. L. Kennard and 



12 THE OKIGIjST AND OBJECT OF THE NEW YOEK COLOSSEUM. 

his father had not been inactive. While Mr. T. W. Kennard was 
comj)leting the financial arrangements necessary to so great an under- 
taking, his son came to New York, and, in spite of difficulties that were 
sometimes most disheartening, secured the lease of the premises at 
the corner of Broadway and Thirty-fifth street, where the Colosseum 
now stands, and, in March, 1873, the work commeuQcd, as many as 
100 laborers being employed at one. time. The management of such 
an undertaking involved no small amount of executive ability as 
well as hard work, and Mr. Kennard found an invaluable assistant 
in Mr. Charles Lovibond, now the Secretary and Treasurer of the 
Colosseum, upon whom devolved the whole management of the 
Work for some time ; for Mr. Kennard went to England as soon as 
the lease was secured, returning to this country in May. According 
to contract the building should have been ready in September, but 
its completion was delayed over three months, resulting in consider- 
able loss and annoyance to the proprietor. 

About the end of October, 1873, however, the painting of 
" London By Day," which had arrived from England, was put up, 
and Messrs. Roberts and Burton, the scenic artists, were engaged for 
three months in retouching it and putting in the distance afresh. 
Mr. Kennard and Mr. Lovibond in the meantime worked day and 
night in order to open the Colosseum to the public by the New Tear, 
and aided by the wonderful energy and executive ability of Mr. T. 
"W. Kennard, who returned from England in December, they made 
such progress that they were able -fco give a reception to the Press 
and a private view of " London By Day" and " Paris By Night" on 
the 3d of January, 1874. This was succeeded by a reception given 
on January 8, by the Messrs. Kennard, to the elite of New York so- 
ciety, about 2,000 invitations having been issued ; and on Saturday, 
January 10, the New York Colosseum was opened to the public, 
over 3,000 people visiting the building. 

It is not the intention of Mr. Kennard, however, to be satisfied 
with exhibiting to the people of America only the cycloramic 
paintings which have already been on view. From time to time, 



THE ORIGIN AND OBJECT OF THE NEW YOEK COLOSSEUM. 13 

tlie leading cities of Europe and this country will be spread before 
the visitors to the Colosseum, with all the effects it is possible for 
the scenic artist to produce, and on such a scale as has never 
before been attempted. 

In addition to these cycloramas, the Colosseum has been pro- 
vided with a number of alcoves, encircling a grand promenade, 
where a variety of scientific and amusing exhibitions' are given 
at intervals during the time that the Colosseum is open, and in 
a Lectorium or hijou theatre attached to the building. Prof. Tobin, 
formerly lecturer at the Royal Polytechnic, London, gives en- 
tertaining popular scientific lectures, which he illustrates with ex- 
periments that make the most abstruse subjects interesting to all. 

Mr. Kennard has thus succeeded in combining the attractions 
of the London Colosseum with those of the Royal Polytech- 
nic, and the result is that he has opened to the pul)lic a place 
of entertainment of high moral tone, and a delightful resort such 
as it has never before "entered the heart of man to conceive," 
in this country or any other. At the same time, by keeping it 
open in the afternoon, from 1 to 5, as well as in the evening, 
from 7 to 10, those who live beyond the city limits are enabled 
to bring their families and return, without any of the disagree- 
ables so often attendant on an evening theatrical performance. 

To bring the entertainments within the reach of all, the charge 
for admission, which covers everything, has been fixed at one 
dollar,- and for the benefit of schools, families, and individuals who 
are desirou': of frequently visiting the Colosseum, twenty admission 
tickets are sold for ten dollars. 

In conclusion, we can only say that all that can be done has 
been and will be done to attract visitors from all parts of the 
country, and to make the New York Colosseum the most popular 
place of entertainment in this country, or, in fact, in the world. 



THE CYCLOKAMA 



o r 



PAKIS BY NIGHT. 

"It is not a painting, it is the city itself," was the exclamation of 
a distinguished Frenchman, when he first saw the wonderful 
Cyclorama of "Paris by Moonlight." There, spread out before him, 
on over forty thousand square feet of canvas, lay, in all her beauty, 
the queen of cities, the Seine shimmering like silver beneath the 
moonbeams, and all the palaces, churches, public buildings, woods 
and gardens, standing out in clear rehef or fading away into mist. 
Who could wonder at his enthusiasm ? We might well apply to this 
landscape the lines of Wordsworth, written of another, not less 
beautiful, though different, view : 

' ' Heavens ! -what a goodly prospect spreads around, 
Of hills and dales, and woods and lawns, and sjDires, 
********* mi all 

The stretching landscape into mist decays." 

The sjjectator is supjDosed to be seated in a balloon hovering over 
the garden of the Tuileries, a point of view displaying to the greatest 
advantage the finest portions of the city, which are seen under the 
quiet radiance of the moonbeams, yet in all their bustle and gaiety. 
The streets are brilliantly lighted up, and the long lines of lamps in- 
tersecting each other at all points, distinctly mark out the principal 
streets and promenades. Every chiu'ch and building of importance 
is presented clearly to the eye, yet with that gradation of shaclow 
and aerial perspective which the distance and the hour would in- 
dicate 

This colossal Cyclorama was painted by Messrs. Danson & Sons, 
fi'orn sketches made by them in Paris during the years 1848 and 



THE CYCLORAMA OF PARIS BY NIGHT. 15 

■ 1849, which have been most skilfully and faithfully conveyed by 
them to the canvas. Upon ascending to the gallery from which the 
spectator looks upon the painting, he sees under him the paiaca of 
the Tuileries and its gardens, where in the afternoons and evenings 
the fashionable world are wont to promenade ; the Louvre, which 
contains a vast gallery and a splendid collection of paintings, the 
Place du Carousel, with the statue of Victory, the celebrated Palais 
Royal, the Rues Rivoli, Castiglione and Royal, the Place de la Con- 
corde, where the fatal guillotine was first erected, and the Obelisk 
of Luxor, a magnificent relic of ancient Egypt ; the Pont (bridge) 
de la Concorde, leading to the Chamber of Deputies, which is also 
seen, and the river Seine, on which there are many floating erections 
for baths and washing establishments. The spectator taking the 
station towards the north, perceives the Place Vendome, in the 
center of which was the great column cast from cannon taken in 
different battles by Napoleon, and having on its summit a colossal 
statue of him, until the vandalism of the Communists laid it low ; the 
Rue de la Paix, the Boulevards des Capucins, des Italiens, the 
Chaussee d'Antin, and in the distance the Rue de Ciichy, the Batig- 
noUes, &c., including to the N. W. a distant view ol the far-famed 
cemetery Pare la Chaise. On looking towards the east are seen the 
Champs Elysees and its splendid avenues, terminated by the Barrie're 
de I'Etoile, with the Arc de Triomphe, and a distant view of the Bois 
de Boulogne, the favorite ride of the Parisians, and celebrated for the 
many duels there fought. On the right side of the great road lead- 
ing to St. Germain en Laye, stood the Chateau of Neuilly, the fav- 
o»i-ite residence of Louis Phillipe. From this station the Faubourg 
St. Honore is also seen. To the ivest are seen the extended lines of 
the Boulevards, viz., those of Montmartre, Poissoniere, Bonnes 
Nouvelles, St. Denis, St. Martin, with the Portes bearing the same 
name, including to the south the Boulevard du Temple and the site 
of the celebrated Bastile, where now stands the column to commem- 
orate the revolution of 1830 ; the Cathedral of Notre Dame, with the 
bridges uniting the island on which it stands to the southern bank, 



16 THE CYCLOKAMA OF PAKIS BY NIGHT. 

forming a beautiful and most prominent featiu'e. In the distance, 
inclining to the south, we have a distant view of the Jardin des 
Plantes, the Halle aux Vins and the Barriere Fontainbleau, the Pont 
Neuf, leading to the Eue Dauphine, and the Ecole de Medecine. An 
interesting object close to the bridge is a statue in bronze of Henry 
IV. To the sonth, on the other side of the Port Eoyale, the Quais 
d'Orsay and Voltaire, the Faubourg St. Germain, with its hotels, the 
former residences of the French nobility, the Institute of France, 
"the Palace of the Legion of Honor, the Hotel des Invalides, with 
the esi)lanade, and inclining to the east the Champ du Mars and 
Ecole Slilitaire, &c., &c. 

By reference to the charts wherein the leading objects of interest 
are designated by numbers, the observer may in a short time become 
familiarized with the topography of the city. It is proper to remark 
that since the execution of this painting many important changes 
have been made in Paris by Napoleon, and during the last revolution 
the Communists have destroyed several fine buildings and columns, 
&c., which those familiar with the- city will recognize. 




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